Heating Oil Types in the UK: A Comprehensive Guide
Heating oil remains a vital energy source for many households across the UK, especially in rural and off-grid areas where mains gas is not available. With over 1.5 million homes relying on oil-fired systems for heating and hot water, understanding the different types of heating oil can help homeowners make smarter, more cost-effective decisions.
In the UK, there are two main types of heating oil used in domestic and commercial settings: kerosene and gas oil. Each has distinct properties, applications, and benefits.
1. Kerosene (28-Second Oil)
Kerosene is the most commonly used heating oil in UK households. It is a highly refined, thin, and clear liquid that burns cleanly and efficiently. It is sometimes referred to as heating oil, paraffin, or simply kero.
Key Features of Kerosene:
-
Clean-burning: Produces fewer emissions and carbon deposits, leading to better boiler efficiency and reduced maintenance.
-
Highly efficient: Suitable for modern condensing boilers and range cookers like AGAs and Rayburns.
-
Cold weather performance: Its low freezing point makes it ideal for use throughout the winter.
-
Cost-effective: Generally more affordable than gas oil, both in fuel cost and maintenance over time.
Many suppliers also offer premium kerosene, which includes special additives that improve fuel performance. These additives can help reduce sludge build-up, extend boiler life, and improve combustion efficiency. Though it comes at a slightly higher cost per litre, the long-term savings on maintenance and fuel usage often make it worthwhile.
2. Gas Oil (35-Second Oil)
Gas oil, often known as red diesel, is a heavier, less refined oil used mainly for commercial or agricultural purposes. It gets its name from the red dye added to it, which indicates it is a rebated fuel not meant for road use.
Key Features of Gas Oil:
-
Heavier and less refined: Burns less cleanly than kerosene and can result in more soot and boiler residue.
-
Mainly for non-domestic use: Common in construction equipment, agricultural machinery, and generators.
-
Still used in some older domestic systems: While it can power older boilers, it's less efficient and less commonly used in modern homes.
Gas oil is gradually being phased out for domestic use due to its lower efficiency and higher emissions compared to kerosene.
The Future: Renewable Alternatives
With the UKs goal to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, alternative fuels are gaining traction. One promising option is Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO). Made from recycled vegetable oils and animal fats, HVO is a renewable diesel that can reduce carbon emissions by up to 90%.
Although HVO is not yet widely available and is currently more expensive than traditional fuels, it represents a significant step toward greener heating for off-grid homes.
Conclusion
For most UK homeowners, kerosene remains the preferred heating oil due to its efficiency, availability, and compatibility with modern systems. Gas oil is becoming less relevant in domestic settings, while renewable alternatives like HVO are paving the way for a more sustainable future. Choosing the right fuel ensures a warm, efficient, and environmentally responsible home.
