Types of Heating Oil: A Guide to Efficient Heating
Heating oil is a vital energy source for millions of homes, especially in colder climates where central heating systems rely on oil-fired furnaces or boilers. While many people think of heating oil as a single product, there are actually several different types, each suited to particular uses and conditions. Understanding the types of heating oil available can help homeowners make informed decisions about heating their homes efficiently and economically.
1. No. 2 Heating Oil (Home Heating Oil)
The most commonly used heating oil for residential purposes is No. 2 heating oil. This fuel is a distillate, similar in composition to diesel fuel, and is delivered by truck to storage tanks located at homes or businesses. No. 2 heating oil is used primarily in oil-fired furnaces and boilers to generate heat. It has a high energy content, making it a very efficient source of heat.
Because it can gel in extremely cold temperatures, additives are sometimes used during the winter to keep it flowing smoothly. It is also treated to prevent sludge buildup in storage tanks and fuel lines.
2. No. 1 Heating Oil (Kerosene)
No. 1 heating oil, more commonly known as kerosene, is lighter and more refined than No. 2 oil. It has a lower pour point, meaning it performs better in extremely cold temperatures. This makes it ideal for use in outdoor fuel tanks or in mobile and manufactured homes where heating systems may be exposed to colder air.
Kerosene is also used in space heaters and some portable heating devices. Although it is more expensive than No. 2 oil, its clean-burning properties and resistance to gelling make it valuable in specific applications.
3. Biodiesel Blends (Bioheat Fuel)
Bioheat fuel is a blend of traditional heating oil and biodiesel a renewable fuel made from organic materials such as soybean oil, animal fats, and recycled cooking oil. The blend ratio can vary, typically labeled as B5 (5% biodiesel), B10, or B20.
Bioheat burns cleaner than conventional heating oil, producing fewer greenhouse gases and pollutants. It can usually be used in existing oil heating systems without any modifications, making it an attractive and environmentally friendly option for homeowners looking to reduce their carbon footprint.
4. Diesel Fuel (Emergency Substitute)
Though not typically recommended for regular use, diesel fuel (particularly off-road diesel) can serve as a temporary substitute for No. 2 heating oil in emergencies. Since diesel and heating oil are chemically similar, they can be used interchangeably in most oil heating systems. However, diesel fuel is often more expensive due to taxes and regulations, and may not include the same additives as heating oil.
Conclusion
When choosing a heating oil, factors like climate, fuel storage, equipment type, and environmental impact should be considered. No. 2 heating oil remains the standard choice for most homes, while kerosene is ideal for colder environments or outdoor tanks. Bioheat offers a sustainable, cleaner-burning option, and diesel fuel can be used as a backup in urgent situations. By understanding these types, homeowners can select the most efficient and cost-effective solution for their heating needs.
